To avoid infringing copyright when duplicating materials, the educator must

• A. Rely on fair use
• B. Copy up to ten pages
• C. Obtain approval from supervisor
• D. Obtain written permission from owner of copyright

Answer: (D)

To legally duplicate copyrighted materials, you need permission from the copyright owner unless a recognized exception applies. Relying on fair use can be tempting, but it’s not a guaranteed license; it’s a defense evaluated case by case using factors like purpose, nature of the work, amount copied, and the effect on the market. There isn’t a universal page limit, such as ten pages, that safely authorizes copying in all situations. Merely getting approval from a supervisor doesn’t grant the legal right to copy—the owner’s permission or an applicable license is what matters. Obtaining written permission from the copyright owner provides explicit, documented authorization for the exact use, scope, and time frame, making it the most reliable way to avoid infringement.